Strategic Shift in the Middle East: Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan Establish Collective Defense Pact
Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan have signed the Mecca Joint Defense Agreement, establishing a collective security framework similar to NATO's Article 5. While Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan asserts the alliance is not targeted at Iran, the pact creates a powerful Sunni military front combining Turkey's military scale and Pakistan's nuclear capabilities. This move signals a strategic diversification for Saudi Arabia amid waning confidence in U.S. security guarantees, coinciding with heightened regional tensions and recent Houthi attacks on Saudi infrastructure.















